diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 0ce0977..d0ce644 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -64,5 +64,5 @@ ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
 # 暴露端口（容器內 app 綁 80，docker-compose / k8s 對外映射依環境而定）
 EXPOSE 80
 
-# 啟動應用（production 用 gunicorn，4 workers + 300s timeout + 啟用 access/error log）
-CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:80", "--workers", "4", "--timeout", "300", "--access-logfile", "-", "--error-logfile", "-", "--preload", "app:app"]
+# 啟動應用（production 用 gunicorn；preload + post_fork DB pool reset 見 gunicorn.conf.py）
+CMD ["gunicorn", "--config", "gunicorn.conf.py", "app:app"]
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index bf6d132..c4a94b9 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ services:
       - "com.centurylinklabs.watchtower.enable=true"
     ports:
       - "127.0.0.1:5003:80"  # 僅本地連線，透過 Nginx 反向代理（nginx 反代 5003）
-    # 強制使用 gunicorn 綁定 port 80 (覆蓋 Dockerfile CMD)
-    command: ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:80", "--workers", "4", "--timeout", "300", "--access-logfile", "-", "--error-logfile", "-", "--preload", "app:app"]
+    # 強制使用 gunicorn 綁定 port 80 (覆蓋 Dockerfile CMD)；preload + post_fork DB pool reset 見 gunicorn.conf.py
+    command: ["gunicorn", "--config", "gunicorn.conf.py", "app:app"]
     volumes:
       # 持久化數據
       - ./data:/app/data
diff --git a/gunicorn.conf.py b/gunicorn.conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b86dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gunicorn.conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+"""Gunicorn runtime config.
+
+`preload_app` imports Flask before worker fork. Any SQLAlchemy engines created
+during import must drop inherited connection pools in each child worker.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+
+
+bind = "0.0.0.0:80"
+workers = int(os.getenv("WEB_CONCURRENCY", "4"))
+timeout = int(os.getenv("GUNICORN_TIMEOUT", "300"))
+accesslog = "-"
+errorlog = "-"
+preload_app = True
+
+
+def _dispose_engine(engine, label, server):
+    try:
+        try:
+            engine.dispose(close=False)
+        except TypeError:
+            engine.dispose()
+        server.log.info("Disposed inherited SQLAlchemy engine after fork: %s", label)
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        server.log.exception("Failed disposing inherited SQLAlchemy engine: %s", label)
+        return False
+
+
+def post_fork(server, worker):
+    """Reset DB pools inherited from the preloaded master process.
+
+    SQLAlchemy engines are safe to keep as objects after fork, but their pools
+    must be replaced so workers do not share PostgreSQL TCP sockets.
+    """
+    disposed_ids = set()
+    disposed_count = 0
+    prefixes = ("app", "database.", "routes.", "services.")
+
+    for module_name, module in list(sys.modules.items()):
+        if module is None or not module_name.startswith(prefixes):
+            continue
+
+        for attr_name, value in vars(module).items():
+            candidates = []
+            if isinstance(value, Engine):
+                candidates.append((value, f"{module_name}.{attr_name}"))
+            else:
+                engine = getattr(value, "engine", None)
+                if isinstance(engine, Engine):
+                    candidates.append((engine, f"{module_name}.{attr_name}.engine"))
+
+            for engine, label in candidates:
+                engine_id = id(engine)
+                if engine_id in disposed_ids:
+                    continue
+                disposed_ids.add(engine_id)
+                if _dispose_engine(engine, label, server):
+                    disposed_count += 1
+
+    server.log.info(
+        "Worker %s reset %s SQLAlchemy engine pool(s) after preload fork",
+        worker.pid,
+        disposed_count,
+    )