diff --git a/apps/web/messages/en.json b/apps/web/messages/en.json
index ea7cf65a..4500b1ec 100644
--- a/apps/web/messages/en.json
+++ b/apps/web/messages/en.json
@@ -163,7 +163,39 @@
     "connectionError": "Connection failed",
     "metaVersion": "Version",
     "metaStats": "Stats",
-    "metaUpdatedAt": "Updated"
+    "metaUpdatedAt": "Updated",
+    "tabs": {
+      "overview": "Overview",
+      "alerts": "Alerts & Approvals",
+      "stream": "Activity Stream",
+      "disposition": "Disposition Stats"
+    },
+    "alertEvents": "Alert Events",
+    "noActiveAlerts": "No active alerts",
+    "pendingApprovalsTitle": "Pending Approvals",
+    "noPendingApprovals": "No pending approvals",
+    "approve": "Approve",
+    "reject": "Reject",
+    "activityStream": "System Activity Stream",
+    "sseConnected": "SSE Connected",
+    "sseDisconnected": "Disconnected",
+    "waitingEvents": "Waiting for events...",
+    "statusLabel": "Status",
+    "hostsLabel": "Hosts",
+    "eventsCount": "{count} events",
+    "noDispositionData": "No disposition data available",
+    "totalDispositions": "Total Dispositions",
+    "autoRate": "Automation Rate",
+    "humanRate": "Human Intervention Rate",
+    "autoRepairLabel": "Auto Repair",
+    "humanApprovedLabel": "Human Approved",
+    "manualResolvedLabel": "Manual Resolved",
+    "coldStartLabel": "Cold Start",
+    "dispositionBreakdown": "Disposition Breakdown",
+    "hostView": "Hosts",
+    "topoView": "Topology",
+    "waitingHostData": "Waiting for host data...",
+    "dashboardConnecting": "Dashboard API connecting..."
   },
   "openclaw": {
     "name": "OpenClaw",
diff --git a/apps/web/messages/zh-TW.json b/apps/web/messages/zh-TW.json
index 7074368e..bbbb5562 100644
--- a/apps/web/messages/zh-TW.json
+++ b/apps/web/messages/zh-TW.json
@@ -164,7 +164,39 @@
     "connectionError": "無法連線",
     "metaVersion": "版本",
     "metaStats": "統計",
-    "metaUpdatedAt": "更新"
+    "metaUpdatedAt": "更新",
+    "tabs": {
+      "overview": "戰情總覽",
+      "alerts": "告警 & 授權",
+      "stream": "活動串流",
+      "disposition": "處置統計"
+    },
+    "alertEvents": "告警事件",
+    "noActiveAlerts": "目前無活躍告警",
+    "pendingApprovalsTitle": "待批准授權",
+    "noPendingApprovals": "無待批准項目",
+    "approve": "批准",
+    "reject": "拒絕",
+    "activityStream": "系統活動串流",
+    "sseConnected": "SSE 連線中",
+    "sseDisconnected": "連線中斷",
+    "waitingEvents": "等待即時事件...",
+    "statusLabel": "狀態",
+    "hostsLabel": "主機",
+    "eventsCount": "{count} 筆",
+    "noDispositionData": "目前無處置統計資料",
+    "totalDispositions": "處置總次數",
+    "autoRate": "自動化率",
+    "humanRate": "人工介入率",
+    "autoRepairLabel": "自動修復",
+    "humanApprovedLabel": "人工審核",
+    "manualResolvedLabel": "手動處理",
+    "coldStartLabel": "冷啟動",
+    "dispositionBreakdown": "處置方式分佈",
+    "hostView": "主機",
+    "topoView": "拓撲",
+    "waitingHostData": "等待主機資料...",
+    "dashboardConnecting": "Dashboard API 連線中"
   },
   "openclaw": {
     "name": "OpenClaw",
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/automation/page.tsx b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/automation/page.tsx
index b8a3e5cc..c9bfe493 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/automation/page.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/automation/page.tsx
@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@ import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react'
 import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl'
 import { AppLayout } from '@/components/layout'
 import { PageTabs, type TabConfig } from '@/components/layout/page-tabs'
+import { LobsterLoading } from '@/components/shared/lobster-loading'
 
 const AutoRepairContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/auto-repair/page'))
 const NeuralCommandContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/neural-command/page'))
 const DriftContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/drift/page'))
 
+// C3 修正: 用 LobsterLoading 取代硬編碼「載入中」
 function Loading() {
-  return <div style={{ padding: 32, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>載入中...</div>
+  return <LobsterLoading size="sm" />
 }
 
 export default function AutomationPage({ params }: { params: { locale: string } }) {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/operations/page.tsx b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/operations/page.tsx
index 3f28c4ab..bdf4ca0b 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/operations/page.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/operations/page.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react'
 import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl'
 import { AppLayout } from '@/components/layout'
 import { PageTabs, type TabConfig } from '@/components/layout/page-tabs'
+import { LobsterLoading } from '@/components/shared/lobster-loading'
 
 const DeploymentsContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/deployments/page'))
 const TicketsContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/tickets/page'))
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ const ActionLogsContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/action-logs/page'))
 const BillingContent = lazy(() => import('@/app/[locale]/billing/page'))
 
 function Loading() {
-  return <div style={{ padding: 32, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>載入中...</div>
+  return <LobsterLoading size="sm" />
 }
 
 export default function OperationsPage({ params }: { params: { locale: string } }) {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/page.tsx b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/page.tsx
index 8cf26c0c..6264ef4f 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/page.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/[locale]/page.tsx
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ function AlertsAndApprovalsTab() {
     <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 20, padding: '16px 20px', flex: 1, overflow: 'hidden' }}>
       {/* 左: 告警列表 */}
       <div style={{ flex: 1, overflowY: 'auto' }}>
-        <div style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700, marginBottom: 12, color: '#141413' }}>告警事件 ({alerts.length})</div>
+        <div style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700, marginBottom: 12, color: '#141413' }}>{t('alertEvents')} ({alerts.length})</div>
         {alerts.length === 0 ? (
-          <div style={{ padding: 24, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>目前無活躍告警</div>
+          <div style={{ padding: 24, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>{t('noActiveAlerts')}</div>
         ) : alerts.map((a: any, i: number) => (
           <div key={a.incident_id || i} style={{ background: '#fff', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 10, padding: '10px 14px', marginBottom: 8 }}>
             <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 6 }}>
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ function AlertsAndApprovalsTab() {
       </div>
       {/* 右: 授權待批准 */}
       <div style={{ width: 400, flexShrink: 0, overflowY: 'auto' }}>
-        <div style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700, marginBottom: 12, color: '#141413' }}>待批准授權 ({approvals.length})</div>
+        <div style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700, marginBottom: 12, color: '#141413' }}>{t('pendingApprovalsTitle')} ({approvals.length})</div>
         {approvals.length === 0 ? (
-          <div style={{ padding: 24, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>無待批准項目</div>
+          <div style={{ padding: 24, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>{t('noPendingApprovals')}</div>
         ) : approvals.map((ap: any, i: number) => (
           <div key={ap.id || i} style={{ background: '#faf9f3', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 8, padding: '10px 12px', marginBottom: 8 }}>
             <div style={{ fontSize: 12, fontWeight: 600, color: '#cc2200' }}>{ap.action || ap.title || '--'}</div>
             <div style={{ fontSize: 10, color: '#555550', marginTop: 2, fontFamily: "'JetBrains Mono', monospace" }}>{ap.resource || '--'}</div>
             <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 6, marginTop: 6 }}>
-              <button style={{ flex: 1, padding: '5px 0', border: 'none', borderRadius: 5, fontSize: 11, fontWeight: 600, cursor: 'pointer', background: '#22C55E', color: '#fff' }}>批准</button>
-              <button style={{ flex: 1, padding: '5px 0', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 5, fontSize: 11, cursor: 'pointer', background: '#fff', color: '#87867f' }}>拒絕</button>
+              <button style={{ flex: 1, padding: '5px 0', border: 'none', borderRadius: 5, fontSize: 11, fontWeight: 600, cursor: 'pointer', background: '#22C55E', color: '#fff' }}>{t('approve')}</button>
+              <button style={{ flex: 1, padding: '5px 0', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 5, fontSize: 11, cursor: 'pointer', background: '#fff', color: '#87867f' }}>{t('reject')}</button>
             </div>
           </div>
         ))}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ function AlertsAndApprovalsTab() {
 // =============================================================================
 
 function ActivityStreamTab() {
-  const tc = useTranslations('common')
+  const t = useTranslations('dashboard')
   const [events, setEvents] = useState<any[]>([])
   const [connected, setConnected] = useState(false)
 
@@ -116,19 +116,19 @@ function ActivityStreamTab() {
     <div style={{ padding: '16px 20px', flex: 1, overflowY: 'auto' }}>
       <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 8, marginBottom: 12 }}>
         <div style={{ width: 6, height: 6, borderRadius: '50%', background: connected ? '#22C55E' : '#cc2200' }} />
-        <span style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700 }}>系統活動串流</span>
-        <span style={{ fontSize: 11, color: '#87867f' }}>{connected ? 'SSE 連線中' : '連線中斷'} · {events.length} 筆</span>
+        <span style={{ fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 700 }}>{t('activityStream')}</span>
+        <span style={{ fontSize: 11, color: '#87867f' }}>{connected ? t('sseConnected') : t('sseDisconnected')} · {events.length}</span>
       </div>
       {events.length === 0 ? (
-        <div style={{ padding: 32, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>等待即時事件...</div>
+        <div style={{ padding: 32, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>{t('waitingEvents')}</div>
       ) : events.map((ev, i) => (
         <div key={i} style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8, padding: '6px 0', borderBottom: '0.5px solid #f0ede5', fontSize: 12 }}>
           <span style={{ fontSize: 10, color: '#87867f', fontFamily: "'JetBrains Mono', monospace", width: 60, flexShrink: 0 }}>{ev._time}</span>
           <span style={{ width: 5, height: 5, borderRadius: '50%', background: ev.type === 'HOST_UPDATE' ? '#22C55E' : '#4A90D9', marginTop: 5, flexShrink: 0 }} />
           <span style={{ flex: 1, lineHeight: 1.4 }}>
             <b>{ev.type || 'EVENT'}</b>
-            {ev.data?.overall_status && ` · 狀態: ${ev.data.overall_status}`}
-            {ev.data?.hosts && ` · ${ev.data.hosts.length} 主機`}
+            {ev.data?.overall_status && ` · ${t('statusLabel')}: ${ev.data.overall_status}`}
+            {ev.data?.hosts && ` · ${ev.data.hosts.length} ${t('hostsLabel')}`}
           </span>
         </div>
       ))}
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ function ActivityStreamTab() {
 // =============================================================================
 
 function DispositionTab() {
-  const tc = useTranslations('common')
+  const t = useTranslations('dashboard')
   const [data, setData] = useState<any>(null)
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
 
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ function DispositionTab() {
   const s = data?.summary
   if (!s || s.total === 0) return (
     <div style={{ padding: 48, textAlign: 'center', color: '#87867f' }}>
-      <div style={{ fontSize: 32, marginBottom: 8, opacity: 0.3 }}>📊</div>
-      <div>目前無處置統計資料</div>
+      <div style={{ fontSize: 32, marginBottom: 8, opacity: 0.3 }}>--</div>
+      <div>{t('noDispositionData')}</div>
     </div>
   )
 
@@ -170,25 +170,25 @@ function DispositionTab() {
       {/* KPI 3 卡 */}
       <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(3, 1fr)', gap: 12, marginBottom: 16 }}>
         <div style={{ background: '#fff', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 10, padding: '14px 16px' }}>
-          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>處置總次數</div>
+          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>{t('totalDispositions')}</div>
           <div style={{ fontSize: 28, fontWeight: 700, color: '#4A90D9', marginTop: 4 }}>{s.total}</div>
         </div>
         <div style={{ background: '#fff', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 10, padding: '14px 16px' }}>
-          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>自動化率</div>
+          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>{t('autoRate')}</div>
           <div style={{ fontSize: 28, fontWeight: 700, color: '#22C55E', marginTop: 4 }}>{autoRate}%</div>
         </div>
         <div style={{ background: '#fff', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 10, padding: '14px 16px' }}>
-          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>人工介入率</div>
+          <div style={{ fontSize: 10, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', fontWeight: 500 }}>{t('humanRate')}</div>
           <div style={{ fontSize: 28, fontWeight: 700, color: '#F59E0B', marginTop: 4 }}>{Math.round(s.human_rate * 100)}%</div>
         </div>
       </div>
       {/* 四大計數 */}
       <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(4, 1fr)', gap: 10, marginBottom: 16 }}>
         {[
-          { label: '自動修復', count: s.auto_repair, color: '#22C55E', bg: 'rgba(34,197,94,0.06)', border: 'rgba(34,197,94,0.25)' },
-          { label: '人工審核', count: s.human_approved, color: '#F59E0B', bg: 'rgba(249,115,22,0.06)', border: 'rgba(249,115,22,0.25)' },
-          { label: '手動處理', count: s.manual_resolved, color: '#A855F7', bg: 'rgba(168,85,247,0.06)', border: 'rgba(168,85,247,0.25)' },
-          { label: '冷啟動', count: s.cold_start_trust, color: '#4A90D9', bg: 'rgba(59,130,246,0.06)', border: 'rgba(59,130,246,0.25)' },
+          { label: t('autoRepairLabel'), count: s.auto_repair, color: '#22C55E', bg: 'rgba(34,197,94,0.06)', border: 'rgba(34,197,94,0.25)' },
+          { label: t('humanApprovedLabel'), count: s.human_approved, color: '#F59E0B', bg: 'rgba(249,115,22,0.06)', border: 'rgba(249,115,22,0.25)' },
+          { label: t('manualResolvedLabel'), count: s.manual_resolved, color: '#A855F7', bg: 'rgba(168,85,247,0.06)', border: 'rgba(168,85,247,0.25)' },
+          { label: t('coldStartLabel'), count: s.cold_start_trust, color: '#4A90D9', bg: 'rgba(59,130,246,0.06)', border: 'rgba(59,130,246,0.25)' },
         ].map(item => (
           <div key={item.label} style={{ background: item.bg, border: `0.5px solid ${item.border}`, borderRadius: 10, padding: 14, textAlign: 'center' }}>
             <div style={{ fontSize: 10, fontWeight: 700, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: item.color, marginBottom: 6 }}>{item.label}</div>
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ function DispositionTab() {
       </div>
       {/* 堆疊分佈條 */}
       <div style={{ background: '#fff', border: '0.5px solid #e0ddd4', borderRadius: 10, padding: '14px 16px' }}>
-        <div style={{ fontSize: 10, fontWeight: 700, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', marginBottom: 8 }}>處置方式分佈</div>
+        <div style={{ fontSize: 10, fontWeight: 700, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: 0.5, color: '#87867f', marginBottom: 8 }}>{t('dispositionBreakdown')}</div>
         <div style={{ display: 'flex', height: 12, borderRadius: 6, overflow: 'hidden' }}>
           {s.total > 0 && <>
             <div style={{ width: `${(s.auto_repair/s.total)*100}%`, background: '#22C55E' }} />
@@ -729,26 +729,27 @@ export default function Home({ params }: { params: { locale: string } }) {
   // Sprint 5: 4 Tab 配置 (統帥批准 2026-04-08)
   const alertsCount = incidents?.length ?? 0
   const tabs: TabConfig[] = [
-    { id: 'overview', label: '戰情總覽', content: null },  // Tab 1 用現有內容，下方直接渲染
-    { id: 'alerts', label: '告警 & 授權', badge: alertsCount > 0 ? alertsCount : undefined, content: <AlertsAndApprovalsTab /> },
-    { id: 'stream', label: '活動串流', content: <ActivityStreamTab /> },
-    { id: 'disposition', label: '處置統計', content: <DispositionTab /> },
+    { id: 'overview', label: tDashboard('tabs.overview'), content: null },
+    { id: 'alerts', label: tDashboard('tabs.alerts'), badge: alertsCount > 0 ? alertsCount : undefined, content: <AlertsAndApprovalsTab /> },
+    { id: 'stream', label: tDashboard('tabs.stream'), content: <ActivityStreamTab /> },
+    { id: 'disposition', label: tDashboard('tabs.disposition'), content: <DispositionTab /> },
   ]
 
   // Sprint 5: 從 URL 讀取當前 Tab
   const [activeTabId, setActiveTabId] = useState('overview')
   const [infraView, setInfraView] = useState<'host' | 'topo'>('host')
 
-  // 每 100ms 檢查 URL query 變化（PageTabs 用 router.push 更新）
+  // I1 修正: popstate 取代 100ms 輪詢
   useEffect(() => {
-    const check = () => {
-      const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)
-      const tab = params.get('tab') || 'overview'
+    const syncTab = () => {
+      const tab = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get('tab') || 'overview'
       setActiveTabId(prev => prev !== tab ? tab : prev)
     }
-    check()
-    const interval = setInterval(check, 100)
-    return () => clearInterval(interval)
+    syncTab()
+    window.addEventListener('popstate', syncTab)
+    // PageTabs router.push 後 URL 改變，用 hashchange + 定期低頻同步(1s)作為備援
+    const fallback = setInterval(syncTab, 1000)
+    return () => { window.removeEventListener('popstate', syncTab); clearInterval(fallback) }
   }, [])
 
   return (